AWWA WQTC57174

One of the greatest concerns in drinking water treatment is the formation of brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) through the addition of chlorine, chloramines, or ozone to waters containing bromide and natural organic matter (NOM). The brominated DBPs that occur in the greatest concentrations thought to have the greatest risk are the trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and bromate, although the formation of brominated haloketones and haloacetonitryles are also known to occur. It has been shown that the brominated THMs pose a significant cancer risk when ingested while trichloromethane (chloroform) does not (US Environmental Protection Agency 1997). In a recently published paper, a bench-top process was presented which removed bromide from high bromide/high THM formation potential (THMFP) California State Project water (Kimbrough & Suffet 2002). The process used a flow-through electrolysis reactor, which appeared to oxidize bromide to bromine, and a batch air stripper, which then appeared to volatilize the bromine. The removal of bromide from the water resulted in lowered THMFP, and the brominated THMs in particular. While promising, it is difficult to determine the practicality of this process from a small bench-top experiment. This paper presents an attempt to take this bench-top semi-batch process to a pilot-scale continuous flow-through process. Bromine chemistry is discussed, along with the materials and equipment used for a series of experiments that include: formation potential procedure; reaction rates; changes in disinfection byproduct formation procedure (DBPFP) through the reactor; oxidation and volatilization of bromide in the reactor; post-reactor volatilization; and, post-reactor volatilization in the air stripper. The five analytical techniques that were used in this study are listed. Includes 5 references, figures.

Product Details

Edition:

Vol. - No.

Published:

11/01/2002

Number of Pages:

18

File Size:

1 file , 380 KB