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AWWA MTC95027
- Desalination and Nitrate Removal by Electrodialysis in California
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1995
- Publisher: AWWA
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A pilot testing program was conducted under the auspices of the Eastern Municipal Water District and the direction of Black and Veatch, Irvine, California from August 15 to December 23, 1994, using a US Filter/Asahi EDA Electrodialysis pilot unit. Menifee is a rapidly growing residential community in the San Jacinto, California area, a suburb East of Los Angeles, where a new water supply source is under consideration. Dwindling alternate natural water supplies and competing demands from other communities left no choice but to consider groundwater. However, groundwater in the area is high in TDS, and silica, and far exceeds the SDWA limits for drinking water. Treatment is therefore deemed necessary. Underground water in the region is also high in gypsum and sulfates thus limiting the recovery of reverse osmosis (RO) to about 70%. Exacerbating the situation is the cost of concentrate disposal that must be pumped over 30 miles at excessive premiums in capital and operating charges. Electrodialysis (EDA) offers significant merits in this context through its use of sulfate selective membranes. These membranes inhibit sulfate passage and allow higher recoveries to be achieved. Three processes were identified for this pilot study namely, reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and EDA. This paper discusses the EDA phase of these pilot runs.
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