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AWWA MTC93010
- "EDR or RO" - A Big Decision Facing A Small Southern California Water Utility
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1993
- Publisher: AWWA
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Water samples were taken from a test well to assess the quality of the groundwater. Results show that the water is mildly brackish with high levels of iron, manganese, chloride, and sulfate. Based on two membrane processes (reverse osmosis and electrodialysis reversal) and three pretreatment processes (lime softening, greensand filtration, and ion exchange softening), six treatment alternatives were evaluated. The process parameters were compared. It was indicated that the treatment alternatives with ion exchange softening pretreatment have the highest overall water recovery. Estimates of capital and O&M costs were prepared for the six alternatives. The comparison of the cost data indicated that reverse osmosis with ion exchange pretreatment and air stripping, pH adjustment, and chlorination as posttreatment, has the lowest capital costs and highest production rate.
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