AWWA ACE65252

The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative bromate control strategies,involving pre-oxidation (or addition) of chlorine dioxide, chlorine and then ammonia, ammoniathen chlorine, or ammonia alone before ozonation. A second objective was to balancethe formation of bromate with that of other regulated DBPs (i.e., chlorate, THMs). In order toreliably meet the bromate MCL of 10 µg/L, the goal was <8 µg/L. In addition, the 10-4 excesscancer risk level for bromate at 5 µg/L represented an alternative bromate goal. In order to meetthe ACC, a goal of <32 µg/L of THMs (40 µg/L with a 20-percent safety factor) and <24 µg/L ofHAA5 (30 µg/L with a 20-percent safety factor) was established for the testing processes. Inorder to meet the California notification level for chlorate, a goal of <0.6 mg/L was set (i.e.,20-percent safety factor). Includes 4 references, figures.

Product Details

Edition:

Vol. - No.

Published:

06/01/2007

Number of Pages:

34

File Size:

1 file , 830 KB