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AWWA ACE63255
- Line Diffusers for Improving Raw Water Quality
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 06/01/2006
- Publisher: AWWA
$12.00$24.00
This slide presentation outlines information on line diffusers, a free bubble hypolimneticdiffuser system designed to place oxygen in specificlayers and areas of the reservoir to achieveoptimized dissolved oxygen (DO) enhancement.Oxygen bubbles are spread over large areas to obtainhigh oxygen transfer efficiencies and minimize verticalmixing.Diffusers up to a mile long are utilized to spreadoxygen input into the reservoir andare located at specific elevations above thereservoir bottom.Oxygen outflow distribution along the length of thediffuser is controlled with engineered orifice sizes. Oxygen supply for the diffusers is outlined, along with sources for supplying gas and previous applications that include: Los Vaqueros ReservoirContra Costa County Water DistrictLivermore, California 2000; Upper San Leandro ReservoirEast Bay Municipal Utility District 2001; Lake WallenpaupackPPL Generation ServicesHawley, Pennsylvania 2004; Carvins Cove ReservoirWestern Virginia Water AuthorityRoanoke, Virginia 2005; and, Calaveras ReservoirSan Francisco Public Utility CommissionMilpitas, California 2005. Includes figures.
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